In the Russian poetics, the syllabic-tonic system of versification was introduced, introduced with the help of Lomonosov and Trediakovsky. In short: in the tonic system the number of stresses in the string is important, and the syllabic implies the presence of rhyme.
Before we learn how to determine the size of the verse, let us recall the meanings of certain terms. The size depends on the order of alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables. Groups of syllables, repeated in one line, these are feet. They determine the size of the verse. But the number of stops in one verse (line) will say that single stop is size, double stop, three stop, etc.
Consider the most popular sizes. The size of the foot depends on how many syllables it is. For example, if the syllable is one, then the foot is also monosyllabic, and if it is five, then the corresponding five-syllable. Most often in literature (poetry) one can find disyllabic (trochee and iambic) and triluspid (dactyl, amphibrach, anapaest) feet.
Disyllabic. Two syllables and two sizes too.
Trochee - stop with the accent on the first syllable. The synonym that is sometimes used when calling this type of foot is the word trochei. AT iamba stress on the second syllable. If the word is long, then it means secondary stress.
The origin of the term is interesting. According to one version - on behalf of the maid of the goddess Demeter, Yambi, who sang funny songs built on iambic size. In ancient Greece, iambus were initially composed only satirical verses.
How to distinguish iambic from chorea? Difficulties are easily avoided by arranging the terms alphabetically. The first is the “trochee”, respectively, and the stress on the first syllable.
In the picture on the right you can see a schematic representation of the dimensions with the help of numbers and signs, and under this text you can read examples of poems with such dimensions from fiction. The choreic size well shows us a poem by A.S. Pushkin's "Demons", and the feet of the iambic type we can find at the very beginning of the famous novel in verse "Eugene Onegin".
Trisyllabic poetic dimensions. There are three syllables in the foot, and the same dimensions.
Dactyl - a foot in which the first syllable is under stress, then two unstressed. The name comes from the Greek word dáktylos, which means "finger". In the fingerprint foot there are three syllables, and in the finger there are three phalanges. The invention of the dactyl is attributed to the god Dionysus.
Amphibrach (Greek. amphibrachys - short from two sides) - the foot of three syllables, where the percussion is placed in the middle. Anapaest (Greek anapaistos, ie, reflected back) - stop with the emphasis on the last syllable. Scheme: 001/001
The features of trisyllabic dimensions are easy to remember on the sentence: "DAMA locks the gate in the evening." The abbreviation DAMA encodes the names of the dimensions in order: DAktil, AMfibrahy, Anapest. And the words "EVEN KARIETKU ZAPIRAET" illustrate patterns of alternating syllables.
For examples from fiction for trisyllabic sizes, see the picture that you see under this text. Dactyl and amphibrach illustrate the works of M.Yu. Lermontov "Clouds" and "In the north, wild is lonely." Anapestichesky foot can be found in A. Blok's poem “To the Muse”:
Polysyllabic sizes are formed by merging two or three simple sizes (just like in music). Of the variety of complex types of feet the most popular are peon and penton.
Peon consists of a single stressed and three unstressed syllables. Depending on how the stressed syllable is, distinguish I, II, III and IV peons. In the Russian versification, the story of the peon is connected with the symbolists, who suggested it as a four-fold size.
Penton - A foot of five syllables. There are five types of them: “Penton № ... (in the order of the stressed syllable). Famous pyatidolniki A.V. Koltsov, and “Penton number 3” is called “Koltsov”. As an example of "Peona" we can cite the poem by R. Rozhdestvensky "Moments", and illustrate the "Penton" with the verses of A. Koltsov "Do not make noise, rye"
Know what are the size of the poetic, you need not only for school analyzes in literature, but for their correct choice when writing your own poems. The size of the narration depends on the size. The rule here is one: the more in the foot of unstressed syllables, the more smoothly the verse sounds. It is not good to paint a fast-moving battle, for example, with the Penton: the picture will turn out in slow motion.
The author - Galina Shutova
I suggest you relax a bit. Watch a video with beautiful music and write in the comments, how can you call an unusual musical instrument that you see there?
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